Summary of Glenn Head

Symptoms, Effects, & Toddler Warning Signs

Glenn head refers to symptoms caused by elevated pressure in the superior vena cava after Glenn circulation, leading to venous congestion in the head and upper body.

Common symptoms include:

• Facial or eyelid swelling

• Redness or flushing of the face and head

• Prominent veins in the neck or scalp

• Head pressure or headache

Physiologic effects include:

• Increased venous pressure in the head, neck, and upper chest

• Slower passive blood flow from the upper body to the lungs

• Potential decreases in oxygen saturation if flow is impaired

• Temporary worsening during illness, dehydration, or crying

Symptoms to Look Out for in Toddlers

Because toddlers cannot describe head pressure or headaches, symptoms often appear as behavioral or physical changes, including:

• Increased irritability or inconsolable crying

• Head-holding, rubbing, or frequent touching of the face or scalp

• Resistance to lying flat or sudden preference for being upright

• Puffiness around the eyes, especially after sleep

• Worsening symptoms during crying, straining, or illness

• Fatigue, decreased activity, or reduced play tolerance

• Vomiting without a clear gastrointestinal cause

• Poor sleep or frequent night waking

Clinical Significance

• Glenn-head symptoms are common early after surgery

• New or worsening symptoms months to a year later are less typical

• Persistent or progressive signs in toddlers should prompt cardiac evaluation to rule out increased resistance or obstruction in the Glenn pathway